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基础语法 › G69

8分钟搞定强调句

基础语法 · 第 G69 课 · 陈老师语法系列整理与注释版。

G69 基础语法 陈老师系列

来源:陈老师基础语法系列 | 整理与注释版

1. 课程背景与引入

G69 是「基础语法」系列第69课,由陈老师主讲。本节课是强调句专题课,系统讲解英语中一种简单但高频率的句型——强调句(It is/was...that...)。

本节课重点讲解:① 强调句的核心公式(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom + 其他)、② 不同成分被强调时的变化规则(主语/间接宾语/直接宾语/地点状语/时间状语)、③ 双宾语结构的变序与强调句结合、④ 谓语动词不能用强调句强调(用do/does/did强调)、⑤ 判断强调句的"去掉法",并结合高考真题进行实战演练。

本节课的核心目标:掌握强调句的万能公式——It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom + 其他,并能灵活应用于各种成分的强调,以及用"去掉法"快速判断一个句子是否为强调句。
前置知识要求:
本节课建立在 G40「五大基本句型」、G65「长难句分析4」(双宾语结构)的基础上。需要熟练掌握句子成分分析(主语/谓语/宾语/状语)、双宾语动词(tell sb sth / tell sth to sb)等知识。

2. 核心公式:强调句的万能公式

老师开宗明义,给出了强调句的完整公式:

It is / It was + 被强调部分 + that / who / whom + 其他
核心口诀:
- It is(现在时)或 It was(过去时)→ 开头
- 加被强调的部分(可以是主语、宾语、状语等任何成分)
- 加 that(万能,什么时候都可以用)
- 强调人时,主语用 who,宾语可用 whom
- 再加其他成分 → 完事

连接词选择规则

被强调成分 连接词 说明
人(做主语) who / that 强调人且做主语时,可用 who 或 that
人(做宾语) whom / who / that 强调人且做宾语时,可用 whom(正式)、who 或 that
物/时间/地点/其他 that 强调物、时间、地点等非人成分时,只能用 that

3. 核心例句:She told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.

老师以一个包含完整句子成分的例句为蓝本,逐一演示不同成分被强调时的变化:

原句成分分析:
→ She = 主语(S);told = 谓语(V);me = 间接宾语(IO);a joke = 直接宾语(DO);in the classroom = 地点状语;yesterday afternoon = 时间状语

4. 强调主语(She → who/that)

强调主语 She:
→ It was She who told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ 因为原句是过去时(told),所以用 It was(也可以用 It is)
→ 被强调部分是 She(人,做主语)→ 用 who(不能用 whom,因为 whom 只能做宾语)
→ 后面接其他成分:told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon
核心辨析——who vs whom:
- who:可以做主语,也可以做宾语
- whom:只能做宾语,不能做主语
- 本句中 She 做主语 → 用 who,不能用 whom
- 口诀:主语用 who,宾语用 whom

5. 强调间接宾语(me)

强调间接宾语 me:
→ It is me that/who/whom she told a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ 被强调部分是 me(人,做宾语)→ 可以用 whom(正式)、who 或 that
→ 后面接其他成分:she told(去掉me)a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon
核心操作:把 me 抠出来放到 It is 后面,剩下的部分用 that 连接,完事。

6. 强调直接宾语(a joke)

强调直接宾语 a joke:
→ It is a joke that she told me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ 被强调部分是 a joke(物)→ 只能用 that,不能用 who
→ 后面接其他成分:she told(去掉a joke)me in the classroom yesterday afternoon
核心辨析——a joke 是物,只能用 that:
- who/whom 只能用于强调人
- a joke 指物 → 连接词只能用 that
- 错误:It is a joke who she told me... → 语法错误

7. 核心难点:双宾语结构的变序与强调句结合

老师讲解了双宾语动词(如 tell)的两个宾语可以互换位置,以及互换后强调句的变化:

双宾语变序:
→ 原句:She told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ 变序:She told a joke to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ tell 是双宾语动词 → 间接宾语(me)和直接宾语(a joke)可以互换位置
→ 互换后:me 前面要加 to → to me
变序后强调 a joke:
→ It is a joke that she told to me in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
→ 或者强调 to me:
→ It is to me that she told a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
核心辨析——双宾语变序后的强调变化:
- 原句强调 me → It is me that she told a joke...
- 变序后强调 to me → It is to me that she told a joke...
- 被强调的部分是什么,就把它放到 It is 后面
- 其余部分用 that 连接,完全不变

8. 强调地点状语(in the classroom)

强调地点状语:
→ It is/was in the classroom that she told me a joke yesterday afternoon.
→ 被强调部分是 in the classroom(地点状语)→ 用 that
→ 去掉 It is/was...that → 剩下 she told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon(完整句子 ✓)
核心操作:把地点状语 in the classroom 抠出来放到 It is 后面,其余部分用 that 连接。实战中强调地点状语非常常见。

9. 强调时间状语(yesterday afternoon)

强调时间状语:
→ It is/was yesterday afternoon that she told me a joke in the classroom.
→ 被强调部分是 yesterday afternoon(时间状语)→ 用 that
→ 去掉 It is/was...that → 剩下 she told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon(完整句子 ✓)
核心操作:把时间状语 yesterday afternoon 抠出来放到 It is 后面,其余部分用 that 连接。实战中强调时间状语也非常常见。

10. 核心难点:谓语动词不能用强调句强调

老师重点讲解了一个重要限制——强调句不能用来强调谓语动词:

错误尝试:
→ 想强调 told → It is told that she me a joke... → 明显不对劲!语法错误!
正确方法——用 do/does/did 强调谓语:
→ She told me a joke. → She did tell me a joke.(强调"确实告诉了")
→ 用狭义助动词 did(过去时)+ 动词原形 tell → 表示强调
→ 类似:I love you → I do love you.(强调"确实爱")
核心辨析——两种强调方式的区别:
- 强调句(It is/was...that...)→ 强调主语、宾语、状语等成分
- 助动词强调(do/does/did + 动词原形)→ 强调谓语动词
- 两者不能混用!强调句的公式不能用于强调谓语
- 口诀:强调成分用 It is/was...that,强调谓语用 do/does/did

11. 核心方法:判断强调句的"去掉法"

老师给出了一个实用的判断方法,用来区分一个句子是不是强调句:

去掉法:把 It is/was 和 that 去掉,如果剩下的是一个完整的句子 → 就是强调句
验证例句:
→ It was in the classroom that she told me a joke yesterday afternoon.
→ 去掉 It was...that → she told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon(完整句子 ✓)→ 是强调句
核心逻辑:强调句是在一个完整句子的基础上,在句首加 It is/was,在某个成分后面加 that 构成的。所以把这两部分去掉,剩下的自然是一个完整句子。

12. 高考真题实战

老师给出了三道高考真题,用"去掉法"逐一验证:

真题一

It was then that I realized how much I expected to see her each morning.
→ 去掉 It was...that → I realized how much I expected to see her each morning then(完整句子 ✓)
→ 强调 then(时间状语)→ 修饰 realized(意识到)
→ 翻译:直到那时我才意识到,我每天早上都那么期待见到她。

真题二

It was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better in women.
→ 去掉 It was...that → the ability to correctly recognize friendship got better in women(完整句子 ✓)
→ 强调主语 the ability(带后置定语 to correctly recognize friendship)
→ 原句:The ability to correctly recognize friendship got better in women.
→ 翻译:在女性中,正确识别友谊的能力变得更强了。

真题三

It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the freeze down on a piece of paper after turning it around in her mind for days.
→ 去掉 It was...that → in a restaurant Anne wrote the freeze down on a piece of paper after turning it around in her mind for days(完整句子 ✓)
→ 强调 in a restaurant(地点状语)
→ 原句:Anne wrote the freeze down on a piece of paper in a restaurant after turning it around in her mind for days.
→ 翻译:安妮是在一家餐馆里把这句话写到纸上的——这句话在她脑海中酝酿了好几天。
核心辨析——真题二的主语分析:
- the ability 是主语,got 是系动词(谓语),better 是表语
- to correctly recognize friendship 是后置定语,修饰 ability
- in women 是地点状语(在女性中)
- 强调句去掉 It was...that 后,句子结构依然完整

13. 强调句完整规则总结表

被强调成分 例句 连接词 去掉验证
主语(人) It was She who told me a joke... who / that She told me a joke...(完整 ✓)
间接宾语(人) It is me that she told a joke... whom / who / that She told a joke...(完整 ✓)
直接宾语(物) It is a joke that she told me... that She told me...(完整 ✓)
地点状语 It was in the classroom that she told me... that She told me...in the classroom(完整 ✓)
时间状语 It was yesterday afternoon that she told me... that She told me...yesterday afternoon(完整 ✓)
变序后介词短语 It is to me that she told a joke... that She told a joke to me...(完整 ✓)

14. 核心知识点总结

知识点一:强调句的万能公式

判断维度 说明
公式 It is / It was + 被强调部分 + that / who / whom + 其他
时态选择 一般用 It is(现在时),如果强调过去的事情可以用 It was
连接词 that 万能连接词,什么时候都可以用
连接词 who 强调人时可用,通常做主语
连接词 whom 强调人且做宾语时可用(正式文体)

知识点二:连接词选择规则

被强调成分 可用连接词 限制
人(主语) who / that whom 不行(whom 只能做宾语)
人(宾语) whom / who / that 三者皆可,whom 最正式
物/时间/地点/其他 that 只能用 that,不能用 who/whom

知识点三:双宾语变序与强调句结合

结构 例句 强调 to me
tell sb sth She told me a joke... It is me that she told a joke...
tell sth to sb She told a joke to me... It is to me that she told a joke...
核心逻辑:双宾语动词的两个宾语可以互换位置(加 to),强调句跟着变化——被强调什么,就把它放到 It is 后面。

知识点四:谓语动词的强调(do/does/did)

强调方式 适用对象 方法 例句
强调句 主语/宾语/状语 It is/was...that... It was she that told me...
助动词强调 谓语动词 do/does/did + 动词原形 She did tell me a joke.
核心辨析——两种强调方式不能混用:
- 想强调 told → 不能用 It is told that... → 语法错误
- 正确:She did tell me a joke.(用 did + 动词原形)
- 口诀:强调成分用 It is/was...that,强调谓语用 do/does/did

知识点五:判断强调句的"去掉法"

判断步骤 操作
第一步 找到 It is/was 和 that
第二步 把 It is/was 和 that 去掉
第三步 检查剩下的部分是否是完整句子
结论 是完整句子 → 强调句 ✓ / 不是完整句子 → 不是强调句 ✗
核心逻辑:强调句是在完整句子上"加料"构成的(加 It is/was 和 that),所以"去料"后自然恢复完整句子。

15. 三大高考真题完整总结表

真题 强调成分 去掉验证 翻译
It was then that I realized how much I expected to see her each morning. then(时间状语) I realized how much I expected to see her each morning then.(完整 ✓) 直到那时我才意识到,我每天早上都那么期待见到她。
It was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better in women. the ability...(主语+后置定语) The ability to correctly recognize friendship got better in women.(完整 ✓) 在女性中,正确识别友谊的能力变得更强了。
It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the freeze down on a piece of paper after turning it around in her mind for days. in a restaurant(地点状语) Anne wrote the freeze down on a piece of paper in a restaurant after turning it around in her mind for days.(完整 ✓) 安妮是在一家餐馆里把这句话写到纸上的——这句话在她脑海中酝酿了好几天。

16. 核心判断逻辑总结

G69 核心方法总结

第一步:确定要强调的成分(主语/宾语/状语)
↓
第二步:写 It is / It was(根据时态选择)
↓
第三步:把被强调的成分放上来
↓
第四步:加 that(强调人可用 who/whom)
↓
第五步:把剩余成分抄下来 → 完事
↓
第六步:验证——去掉 It is/was...that,看是否完整句子
核心口诀:
- 强调句万能公式:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom + 其他
- 强调人(主语)→ who / that;强调人(宾语)→ whom / who / that;强调其他 → that
- 双宾语可以变序(tell me a joke → tell a joke to me),强调句跟着变
- 强调谓语不能用 It is/was...that → 用 did + 动词原形
- 去掉法:去掉 It is/was...that → 完整句子 = 强调句
- 实战中最常强调:时间状语、地点状语、主语

17. 课程总结思维导图

强调句(G69)8分钟搞定 ├── 万能公式 │ ├── It is / It was + 被强调部分 + that / who / whom + 其他 │ └── 连接词选择:人(主语)→who/that / 人(宾语)→whom/who/that / 其他→that │ ├── 原句:She told me a joke in the classroom yesterday afternoon. │ ├── 强调主语 She → It was She who told me a joke... │ ├── 强调间接宾语 me → It is me that/whom she told a joke... │ ├── 强调直接宾语 a joke → It is a joke that she told me... │ ├── 强调地点状语 → It was in the classroom that she told me... │ └── 强调时间状语 → It was yesterday afternoon that she told me... │ ├── 核心难点:双宾语变序 + 强调句 │ ├── tell me a joke → tell a joke to me(变序) │ ├── 强调 me → It is me that she told a joke... │ └── 强调 to me → It is to me that she told a joke... │ ├── 核心限制:谓语不能用强调句强调 │ ├── 错误:It is told that she me a joke... │ └── 正确:She did tell me a joke.(did + 动词原形) │ ├── 判断方法:去掉法 │ ├── 去掉 It is/was...that │ └── 剩下完整句子 → 是强调句 ✓ │ ├── 高考真题 │ ├── It was then that I realized...(强调时间状语 then) │ ├── It was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better...(强调主语+后置定语) │ └── It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote...(强调地点状语) │ └── 核心口诀 ├── It is/was + 被强调 + that/who/whom + 其他 ├── 谓语强调 → did + 动词原形 └── 去掉法验证

🎓 学习建议总结

  1. 牢记强调句万能公式:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who/whom + 其他。这是本节课最重要的方法论,掌握了这个公式就掌握了强调句的80%。
  2. 牢记连接词选择规则:强调人(主语)→ who/that;强调人(宾语)→ whom/who/that;强调物/时间/地点 → 只能用 that。whom 只能做宾语,不能做主语。
  3. 牢记双宾语变序与强调句结合:tell sb sth ↔ tell sth to sb,强调句跟着变化。被强调什么就把它放到 It is 后面。
  4. 牢记谓语不能用强调句强调:想强调 told → 用 did tell(did + 动词原形),不能用 It is told that...。两种强调方式不能混用。
  5. 牢记去掉法:去掉 It is/was...that → 完整句子 = 强调句。这是判断强调句的万能方法,高考常考。
  6. 实战重点:实战中最常强调时间状语和地点状语,其次是主语。强调宾语的情况较少。
  7. 高考真题训练:多做强调句的高考真题,用去掉法验证,熟练判断强调句和被强调的成分。